Journal: Cells

Article Title: RAC1 , a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

doi: 10.3390/cells11244039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overall survival and the expression levels of Rho/Rac family genes in DLBCL. Kaplan–Meier curve of overall survival for individual member ( A ) RAC1, ( B ) RAC2, ( C ) RND1, ( D ) CDC42, ( E ) RHOQ, ( F ) RHOF; HR, hazard ratio.

Article Snippet: Sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were then immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against RAC1 (dilution: 1:300, Bioss, BJ, CHN).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cells

Article Title: RAC1 , a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

doi: 10.3390/cells11244039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between the expression of Rho/Rac family members’ and BTK. ( A ) Co-expression heatmap of Rho/Rac family genes and BTK; ( B ) Scatter diagram demonstrated the correlation between BTK and RAC1 , ( C ) CDC42, ( D ) RHOF and ( E ) RHOQ. * p <0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were then immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against RAC1 (dilution: 1:300, Bioss, BJ, CHN).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cells

Article Title: RAC1 , a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

doi: 10.3390/cells11244039

Figure Lengend Snippet: RAC1 expression levels in 18 different types of tumor tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; ns: non-significance. BLCA, Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma; BRCA, Breast invasive carcinoma; CHOL, Cholangio carcinoma; COAD, Colon adenocarcinoma; ESCA, Esophageal carcinoma; HNSC, Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma; KICH, Kidney Chromophobe; KIRC, Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; KIRP, Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma; LIHC, Liver hepatocellular carcinoma; LUAD, Lung adenocarcinoma; LUSC, Lung squamous cell carcinoma; PAAD, Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; PRAD, Prostate adenocarcinoma; READ, Rectum adenocarcinoma; STAD, Stomach adenocarcinoma; THCA, Thyroid carcinoma; UCEC, Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma.

Article Snippet: Sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were then immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against RAC1 (dilution: 1:300, Bioss, BJ, CHN).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cells

Article Title: RAC1 , a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

doi: 10.3390/cells11244039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between RAC1 expression and DLBCL clinical characteristics.

Article Snippet: Sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were then immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against RAC1 (dilution: 1:300, Bioss, BJ, CHN).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cells

Article Title: RAC1 , a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

doi: 10.3390/cells11244039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Logistic analyses of RAC1 expression and clinical characteristics of DLBCL.

Article Snippet: Sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were then immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against RAC1 (dilution: 1:300, Bioss, BJ, CHN).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cells

Article Title: RAC1 , a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

doi: 10.3390/cells11244039

Figure Lengend Snippet: RAC1 expression in patients with DLBCL according to different clinical stages.( A ) In the TCGA-DLBC dataset, RAC1 was upregulated in stage I/II as compared with that in stage III/IV. ( B ) RAC1 protein IHC staining in lymphadenitis and ( C ) DLBCL stage II, ( D ) stage III, ( E ) stage IV. Magnification 20 × 20, * p < 0.05. The staining of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) was employed for RAC1 expression (yellow and brown) compared to negative sample (blue). Scale bar (bottom, right) = 100 μm.

Article Snippet: Sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were then immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against RAC1 (dilution: 1:300, Bioss, BJ, CHN).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

Journal: Cells

Article Title: RAC1 , a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

doi: 10.3390/cells11244039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cox regression analyses of clinical features associated with DLBCL overall survival.

Article Snippet: Sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were then immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against RAC1 (dilution: 1:300, Bioss, BJ, CHN).

Techniques:

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: Bio-fabrication of pigment-capped silver nanoparticles encountering antibiotic-resistant strains and their cytotoxic effect towards human epidermoid larynx carcinoma (HEp-2) cells

doi: 10.1039/c9ra01072f

Figure Lengend Snippet: Apoptotic mechanism of HEp-2 cells treated with pcAgNPs. DNA fragmentation of HEp-2 cells exposed to pcAgNPs (a). RT-PCR analysis of p53 expression, leading to apoptotic cell death (b and c); pcAgNP activation of p53, leading to increased catalase expression. HEp-2 cells treated with 15 μg mL −1 pcAgNPs for 24 h, showing p53, p21 and catalase expressions assessed using Western blotting analysis. β-actin served as a loading control. Numbers were calculated by quantitative densitometric analysis and indicate the ratio of specific proteins versus β-actin. (d) Data are representative of at least three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: In the western blotting analysis, the following primary antibodies were used: rabbit polyclonal anti-p21 (1 : 100) (cat. no. TA322940, OriGene, USA), mouse monoclonal anti-p53 (1 : 500) (cat. no. TA327920, OriGene, USA), and mouse monoclonal anti-catalase (1 : 100) (cat. no. TA502496, OriGene, USA).

Techniques: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Activation Assay, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Cell Research

Article Title: GPR55 regulates cannabinoid 2 receptor-mediated responses in human neutrophils

doi: 10.1038/cr.2011.60

Figure Lengend Snippet: GPR55 activation suppresses the CB2R-mediated activation and translocation of Rac2. (A) Neutrophils were stimulated with agonists (1 μM) for 1 min at 37 °C. The active GTP-bound Rac2 was extracted from the lysates with PAK domain-gluthatione agarose beads. GTP-bound and total GTPase levels were visualized by western blotting using a rabbit anti-Rac2 antibody, β-actin served as a loading control. The ratio of GTP-bound vs total GTPase levels was assessed with ImageJ software (graph). Data are mean±SEM of three independent experiments. (*P< 0.05; ***P< 0.001). (B) Serum-starved dHL60 cells were stimulated with agonists (1 μM) for 1 min at 37 °C. The extraction of active GTP-bound Rac2 was performed as in panel (A). Data are mean±SEM of three independent experiments (**P< 0.01; ***P< 0.001). (C) Neutrophils were seeded on fibronectin-coated glass coverslips and treated with 0.01% DMSO (control; i) or ligands for 5 min at 37 °C. Fixed cells were incubated with rabbit anti-Rac2 antibody and stained with Alexa Fluor-488 goat anti-rabbit antibody (green), Texas-Red Phalloidin (red), and DAPI (blue). Control (i) and LPI (3 μM, ii) treated cells show a nuclear/perinuclear localization of Rac2 (arrows). Upon 2-AG stimulation (1 μM, iii), Rac2 distributed evenly in the cytosol (arrow) and partially colocalized with actin at the plasma membrane (yellow, arrowhead). (iv) Treatment with a combination of LPI (3 μM) and 2-AG (1 μM) showed a nuclear localization of Rac2 in polarized neutrophils. Cells were analyzed using an OLYMPUS fluorescence microscope equipped with a Hamamatsu ORCA CCD camera (original magnification: 60×). Scale bars: 10 μm. Representative images from 2-3 experiments are shown.

Article Snippet: The rabbit polyclonal anti-Rac2 antibody was obtained from Santa Cruz and the mouse monoclonal anti-Rac1 antibody was purchased from BD Bioscience.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Translocation Assay, Western Blot, Control, Software, Extraction, Incubation, Staining, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Cell Research

Article Title: GPR55 regulates cannabinoid 2 receptor-mediated responses in human neutrophils

doi: 10.1038/cr.2011.60

Figure Lengend Snippet: Crosstalk between GPR55 and CB2R and its consequent biological responses in human blood neutrophils. (right panel) Stimulation of CB2R and GPR55 by 2-AG and LPI, respectively, leads to a coordinated activation of RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 small GTPases. This leads to a distinct remodeling of cytoskeleton (polarization) compared to sole activation of each receptor and facilitates neutrophils migration towards the gradient of agonists. (left panel) The bacterial killing mechanisms, which are provoked by C5a or 2-AG, are mediated via the activation of Rac2 small GTPases. Active Rac2 will translocate and incorporate to the NADPH oxidase core complex in the phagocytic cup and catalyzes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, it facilitates degranulation of neutrophils via translocation of azurophilic granules, containing myeloperoxidase (MPO). Stimulation of GPR55 by LPI, via a yet unknown mechanism, inhibits activation of Rac2, thereby limiting the ROS production and degranulation.

Article Snippet: The rabbit polyclonal anti-Rac2 antibody was obtained from Santa Cruz and the mouse monoclonal anti-Rac1 antibody was purchased from BD Bioscience.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Migration, Translocation Assay